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Antisocial Behavior: the Impact of Psychopathic Traits, Heart Rate Variability, and Gender

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Abstract

Psychopathic traits and emotion regulation (ER) deficits increase vulnerability to engage in antisocial behavior (ASB), even in community contexts (e.g., college students engaging in risky driving, plagiarism, assaults, etc.). These behaviors are often illegal and risk harm to others, motivating research to understand and manage them. However, the potential moderating role of ER on the relationship between psychopathy and ASB, and how this may vary by gender, is unknown. The present study examined this question using vagally mediated high frequency heart rate variability (HRV) as an autonomic nervous system correlate of ER. We hypothesized that meanness and disinhibition traits influence on ASB would be buffered by high resting HRV, and further vary by gender. Undergraduate students (n = 122, 65% female, ages 18–24 years, 71% Caucasian) reported on psychopathic traits and ASB prior to baseline HRV assessment. Psychopathic disinhibition uniquely predicted ASB in men and women. The role of meanness was qualified by gender and HRV. Specifically, high HRV in women buffered against high meanness expression as ASB, while the relationship was not significant for men. Findings suggest that expression of certain psychopathic traits as ASB may depend upon one’s gender and cardiac vagal ER processes. Thus, it may be helpful to consider biological factors in assessment and treatment of personality traits and antisocial behavior.

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Notes

  1. In addition to ordinary least squares regression following handling of outliers, we repeated regression analyses without winsorizing outliers, and also using a robust bootstrap approach. Bootstrapping treats the dataset as a population and then re-samples (with replacement) to produce robust standard errors for statistical inference despite low sample size and normality violations (Mooney et al. 1993; Wright et al. 2011). Repeating analyses without winsorizing, and with bootstrapped regressions (5000 bootstrapped samples) produced the same pattern of results as originally observed and therefore are not reported. To further reduce the likelihood of Type I errors, we corrected p-values for false discovery rate (FDR; Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). There was no change in the pattern of results based on use of FDR. Results presented herein are based on the FDR corrected p-values.

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  1. Virginia Tech, Department of Psychology, 109 Williams Hall, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA

    Lauren A. Delk & Vincent Ly

  2. U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA

    Derek P. Spangler

  3. Torrance State Hospital, 121 Longview Dr., Torrance, PA, 15779, USA

    Roberto Guerra

  4. Center for Youth Development and Intervention, The University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA

    Bradley A. White

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Delk, L.A., Spangler, D.P., Guerra, R. et al. Antisocial Behavior: the Impact of Psychopathic Traits, Heart Rate Variability, and Gender. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 42, 637–646 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-020-09813-8

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