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Development of Biotic Stress Resistant Cowpea

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Genomic Designing for Biotic Stress Resistant Pulse Crops

Abstract

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp)) is one of the world’s major food legumes produced on almost every continent, although concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa from where it originated. In its native range and in Asia and the Americas where it spread to and is widely grown, it has a series of disease pathogens and insect pests which constitute the most important biotic stresses of the crop. Although fungal pathogens are more numerous; bacterial, nematode and viral pathogens cause serious yield losses. This chapter reviews the biotic stresses found in cowpea and their management and control strategies along with the germplasm sources for resistance and tolerance of them as well as the genes and QTL needed to develop new varieties for them. Among the fungal diseases affecting leaves and stems are: anthracnose, Cercospora leaf spot, powdery mildew, southern blight, stem rot and rusts. Roots and plant vasculatures are affected by charcoal rot, damping off and Fusarium wilt. Bacterial blight is the main pathogen of this class; while many viruses affect cowpeas some of which are seed borne and others just insect vectored. The most important insects are aphids and leafhoppers especially as vectors, bean fly as a seedling pest; flea beetles, leaf miners, pod borers and pod bugs or leaf defoliators as mature plant pests; as well as pulse beetles or bruchids as insects of stored seed. Implications for crop improvement are provided especially given the availability of genome sequence and multiple molecular marker systems for the plant species. Various molecular markers like RFLPs, SSRs and SNPs have been identified and tagged for various insect-pests and disease resistant genes. These markers have played a significant role in accelerating various cowpea molecular breeding programmes like QTL mapping; Marker-assisted selection (MAS), Marker-assisted back cross breeding, association mapping etc. Host plant resistance has been an important component of integrated pest management for all these disease pathogens and insect pests and is based on collections of cowpea accessions and their screening. Sources of resistance to major constraints are listed in this review as well as how their deployment can best be managed. In addition, the future of cowpea breeding and germplasm utilization is commented upon.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-IGFRI, Jhansi, 284003, UP, India

    H. S. Mahesha, M. C. Keerthi & H. A. Bhargavi

  2. CRIJAF-Sunnhemp Research Station, Pratapgarh, 230001, UP, India

    K. V. Shivakumar

  3. Seed Technology Division, ICAR-IGFRI, Jhansi, 284003, UP, India

    Ravi Prakash Saini

  4. Crop Protection Division, ICAR-IIPR, Kanpur, 208017, UP, India

    L. Manjunatha

  5. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA

    D. Hickok & M. W. Blair

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    Chittaranjan Kole

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Mahesha, H.S. et al. (2022). Development of Biotic Stress Resistant Cowpea. In: Kole, C. (eds) Genomic Designing for Biotic Stress Resistant Pulse Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91043-3_4

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