Presidential election in Georgia, 2020

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Georgia
2020 presidential election

Democratic primary: June 9, 2020
Democratic winner: Joe Biden

Republican primary: June 9, 2020
Republican winner: Donald Trump

Electoral College: 16 votes
2020 winner: Joe Biden (D)
2016 winner: Donald Trump (R)
2012 winner: Mitt Romney (R)

Presidential election by state, 2020

Former Vice President Joe Biden (D) won the presidential election in Georgia on November 3, 2020. Georgia was one of 13 battleground states. Biden won the presidential election with 306 electoral votes to President Donald Trump's (R) 232 electoral votes.

The Democratic and Republican parties held primary elections in Georgia on June 9, 2020. Biden won the Democratic primary.[1] Trump was unopposed on the Republican ballot.

On March 14, Georgia election officials announced the primary would be postponed from March 24 to May 19 due to concerns with the coronavirus pandemic.[2] The presidential primary was postponed a second time to June 9. "This decision allows our office and county election officials to continue to put in place contingency plans to ensure that voting can be safe,” Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger said on April 9.[3]

Georgia was won by the Republican presidential candidate in eight of the 10 elections between 1980 and 2016. Trump (R) won in 2016 with 50.8 percent of the vote to Hillary Clinton's (D) 45.6 percent of the vote.[4]

This page includes the following sections:

Lawsuits related to the presidential election in Georgia

See also: Ballotpedia's 2020 Election Help Desk: Presidential election results subject to lawsuits and recounts

In re: enforcement of election laws and securing ballots cast of received after 7:00 P.M. on November 3, 2020

  • Case name: In re: enforcement of election laws and securing ballots cast of received after 7:00 P.M. on November 3, 2020
  • Related election/s: Presidential election (Georgia)
  • Court: Chatham County Superior Court
  • Issue: Whether absentee/mail-in ballots received after the statutory receipt deadline had been illegally accepted and mixed with ballots received prior to the deadline.
  • Current status/outcome: The court dismissed the lawsuit.
  • Order/decision date: November 5, 2020
  • Order/opinion link: Link

Trump v. Kemp

  • Case name: Trump v. Kemp
  • Related election/s: Presidential election (Georgia)
  • Court: United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia
  • Issue: Whether state election officials failed to conduct the presidential election in accordance with state law and, if so, whether the court should decertify the election results and direct the Georgia General Assembly to appoint a slate of presidential electors.
  • Current status/outcome: The court dismissed the lawsuit.
  • Order/decision date: January 5, 2021
  • Order/opinion link: Order

Recount in Georgia

See also: Ballotpedia's 2020 Election Help Desk: Presidential election results subject to lawsuits and recounts

On November 6, 2020, Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger (R) said that a statewide recount was likely due to the narrow margin of votes separating President Donald Trump (R) from former Vice President Joe Biden (D). Raffensperger said, "This process is and will remain open and transparent to monitors."[9]

The Trump campaign appointed Rep. Doug Collins (R) to lead the campaign's recount efforts. On November 10, 2020, Collins filed the following formal requests with Raffensperger:[10][11][12]

  • "There must be a full comparison of absentee ballots cast and in-person and provisional ballots cast throughout the state."
  • "[T]here must be a check for felons and other ineligible persons who m ay have cast a ballot.
  • "[The] Secretary of state should announce a full hand-count of every ballot cast in each and every county due to widespread allegations of voter irregularities, issues with voting machines, and poll watcher access."

On November 11, 2020, Raffensperger announced that Georgia would conduct a hand-count audit of its presidential election results. The target date for completing the audit was November 20, 2020, the state's certification deadline.[13]

On November 19, 2020, Raffensperger announced the results of the hand-count audit, which confirmed Biden's victory over Trump. The audit revealed a 0.1053 percent discrepancy in the statewide vote total, and a 0.0099 percent variation in the margin of victory, between the hand count and the initial machine count. The audit uncovered approximately 5,000 ballots that were not tallied during the initial machine count, which election officials attributed to human error. This resulted in a net gain of 1,272 votes for Trump.[14][15]

On November 21, the Trump campaign requested a recount. That recount was conducted by rescanning ballots through tabulation machines, in contrast with the hand-count audit that concluded on November 19, 2020. The machine recount ended on December 4, 2020. The outcome of the race was unchanged, and Raffensperger recertified the results on December 7, 2020.[16][17][18]

Candidates and election results

General election


Presidential election results in Georgia, 2020
 
Candidate/Running mate
%
Popular votes
Electoral votes
✔
Image of
Image of
Joe Biden/Kamala D. Harris (D)
 
49.5
 
2,473,633 16
Image of
Image of
Donald Trump/Mike Pence (R)
 
49.3
 
2,461,854 0
Image of
Image of
Jo Jorgensen/Spike Cohen (L)
 
1.2
 
62,229 0

Incumbents are bolded and underlined The results have been certified.

Total votes: 4,997,716


Primary election

Georgia Democratic presidential primary on June 9, 2020
 
Candidate
%
Votes
Pledged delegates
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Official_portrait_of_Vice_President_Joe_Biden.jpg
Joe Biden
 
84.9
 
922,177 105
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Bernie_Sanders.jpg
Bernie Sanders
 
9.4
 
101,668 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Elizabeth_Warren--Official_113th_Congressional_Portrait--.jpg
Elizabeth Warren
 
2.0
 
21,906 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Screen_Shot_2019-02-21_at_3.25.16_PM.png
Andrew Yang
 
0.8
 
9,117 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/400px-Mike_Bloomberg_Headshot.jpg
Michael Bloomberg
 
0.7
 
7,657 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/150px-Pete_buttigieg.jpg
Pete Buttigieg
 
0.6
 
6,346 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Michael_Bennet.jpg
Michael Bennet
 
0.5
 
5,154 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Amy_Klobuchar.jpg
Amy Klobuchar
 
0.4
 
4,317 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/TulsiGabbardReplace.jpg
Tulsi Gabbard
 
0.4
 
4,117 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Tom_Steyer.jpg
Tom Steyer
 
0.2
 
1,752 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/John_Delaney_113th_Congress_official_photo.jpg
John Delaney
 
0.1
 
1,476 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Deval_Patrick.jpg
Deval Patrick
 
0.1
 
1,042 0

 Source

Total votes: 1,086,729 • Total pledged delegates: 105


Georgia Republican presidential primary on June 9, 2020
 
Candidate
%
Votes
Pledged delegates
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/473px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Donald_Trump.jpg
Donald Trump
 
100
 
947,352 76

 Source

Total votes: 947,352 • Total pledged delegates: 76

Pivot Counties in Georgia

See also: Election results, 2020: Pivot Counties' margins of victory analysis

Pivot Counties are the 206 counties nationwide Ballotpedia identified as having voted for Barack Obama (D) in the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections and Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Media and political observers sometimes refer to these counties as swing counties.

Ballotpedia defines Pivot Counties Trump won in 2020 as Retained Pivot Counties and those Joe Biden (D) won as Boomerang Pivot Counties.

Trump won 181 Retained Pivot Counties across 32 states to Biden's 25 Boomerang Pivot Counties across 16 states. Trump's median margin of victory was 13.2 percentage points in those 181 counties, while Biden's median margin of victory was 3.4 percentage points among the 25 he won.[19][20]

In 2020, Georgia had five Retained Pivot Counties, three Reverse-Pivot Counties, 27 solid Democratic counties, 123 solid Republican counties , and one county with a different voting pattern.

Biden won Georgia in 2020 by 0.2 percentage points. He saw a margin change of 5.3 percentage points compared to 2016, flipping the state which had previously voted for Trump. Biden's largest margin change came in the three Reverse-Pivot Counties—Cobb, Gwinnett, and Henry—which he won by 16.9 percentage points compared to 4.0 in 2016, a 12.9 point shift. Biden also expanded the margin in Solid Democratic counties and narrowed Trump's margin in Solid Republican counties. Trump expanded his margin in the state's Retained Pivot Counties and in the one county with a different voting pattern.

The table below compares margins in the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections. Percentages show the share of the vote received by a candidate. Margins and changes are shown as changes in percentage points. The overall winner of a given category can be found under the "2020" data. The "Percentage point change" section shows changes in vote share and in margins. Figures were calculated by combining the vote totals across all counties of a given category and may not equal 100% due to rounding. Click [show] beneath the table to view vote totals.

Georgia presidential election results by county category, 2016-2020
Year # 2016 2020 Percentage point change
Clinton Trump Third party Margin Biden Trump Third party Margin Democratic Republican Third party Margin
Retained 5 47.5% 50.8% 1.7% R+3.3 46.4% 52.8% 0.8% R+6.4 -1.1 +1.9 -0.8 R+3.1
Reverse 3 49.2% 45.2% 5.5% D+4.0 57.7% 40.8% 1.4% D+16.9 +8.5 -4.4 -4.1 D+12.9
Solid Dem. 27 67.1% 28.6% 4.3% D+38.5 71.2% 27.6% 1.2% D+43.6 +4.1 -1.0 -3.2 D+5.1
Solid Repub. 123 26.5% 69.9% 3.6% R+43.3 29.8% 68.9% 1.2% R+39.1 +3.3 -0.9 -2.4 D+4.3
Other 1 50.6% 48.0% 1.4% D+2.6 48.8% 50.5% 0.7% R+1.8 -1.8 +2.5 -0.7 R+4.4
All 159 45.3% 50.4% 4.2% R+5.1 49.5% 49.3% 1.2% D+0.2 +4.1 -1.2 -3.0 D+5.3



For Biden, 40.7% of his new votes in 2020 came from Solid Democratic counties followed by Solid Republican counties with 32.1%. For Trump, 75.0% of his new votes in 2020 came from Solid Republican counties followed by Solid Democratic counties at 15.0%. Reverse-Pivot Counties accounted for 27.0% of Biden's new votes compared to 9.2% for Trump.

Retained Pivot Counties accounted for 0.4% of Biden's vote totals and 0.5% of Trump's. Reverse-Pivot Counties accounted for 21.7% of Biden's vote total and 15.4% of Trump's.

The table below shows how much of a candidate's vote total came from a particular county category. Data under "New votes, 2020" shows the percentage of a candidate's new votes by county category compared to 2016 vote totals.

Percentage of votes by county category in Georgia's 2016 and 2020 presidential elections
Year # 2016 2020 New votes, 2020
Clinton Trump Biden Trump Democratic
votes		 Republican
votes
Total votes 159 1,877,963 2,089,104 2,473,633 2,461,854 +595,670 +372,750
Retained 5 0.5% 0.5% 0.4% 0.5% 0.2% 0.5%
Reverse 3 20.0% 16.5% 21.7% 15.4% 27.0% 9.2%
Solid Dem. 27 52.8% 20.2% 49.9% 19.4% 40.7% 15.0%
Solid Repub. 123 26.4% 62.5% 27.8% 64.4% 32.1% 75.0%
Other 1 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2%


Polls in Georgia

PredictIt market in Georgia

See also: PredictIt markets in the 2020 presidential election

What is a PredictIt market?

PredictIt is an online political futures market in which users purchase shares relating to the outcome of political events using real money. Each event, such as an election, has a number of contracts associated with it, each correlating to a different outcome. For instance, an election contested between four candidates would be represented by eight separate contracts, with each contract correlating to a particular candidate winning or losing the election.

The price of a share in each individual contract rises and falls based on market demand. Once the event's outcome is decided, holders of shares that correlate with the correct outcome receive a $1 payout for each share they held.

For example, a user buys 10 shares at 20 cents each in a presidential primary saying Candidate A will win. If Candidate A wins the election, the user earns $10. If the candidate loses, the user earns no money and loses his original $2 investment.

Why do PredictIt markets matter?

Services such as PredictIt are being used to gain insight into the likely outcome of elections. Microsoft Research economist David Rothschild argues that they are better suited to the task than polls: "I can create a poll that can mimic everything about a prediction market...except markets have a way of incentivizing you to come back at 2 a.m. and update your answer."[21][22][23]

Campaign events in Georgia

This section features clips of Biden and Trump at presidential campaign events in Georgia during the 2020 general election.

Biden in Georgia

Biden in Warm Springs, October 27, 2020
Biden in Atlanta, October 27, 2020

Trump in Georgia

Trump in Rome, November 1, 2020
Trump in Macon, October 16, 2020
Trump in Atlanta, September 25, 2020

Government response to coronavirus pandemic in Georgia

Summary of changes to election dates and procedures

Georgia modified its absentee/mail-in voting and candidate filing procedures for the November 3, 2020, general election as follows:

  • Candidate filing procedures: The petitioning deadline for minor-party and unaffiliated candidates was extended to August 14, 2020. The petition signature requirement for independent and minor-party candidates was reduced to 70 percent of their original numbers.

For a full timeline about election modifications made in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, click here.

Frequently asked questions

See also: Ballotpedia's 2020 Election Help Desk: Presidential election

The 2020 election took place against a backdrop of uncertainty. Our readers had questions about what to expect in elections at all levels of government, from the casting of ballots to the certification of final results. Ballotpedia's 2020 Election Help Desk was designed to answer those questions. Ballotpedia is in the process of compiling and answering frequently asked questions related to the 2020 elections. Questions related to this election will be available soon.


Additional resources

Democratic primary

See also: Democratic presidential nomination, 2020
HIGHLIGHTS
  • Joe Biden won the Georgia Democratic primary election on June 9, 2020.
  • Georgia had an estimated 118 delegates comprised of 105 pledged delegates and 13 superdelegates. Delegate allocation was proportional.
  • The Democratic primary was open, meaning any registered voters were able to vote in the election.


    • Former Vice President Joe Biden (D) was formally nominated as the Democratic presidential nominee at the 2020 Democratic National Convention on August 18, 2020.[24] The convention was originally scheduled to take place July 13-16, 2020.[25] Organizers postponed the event in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

    Prior to the national convention, individual state caucuses and primaries were held to allocate convention delegates. These delegates vote at the convention to select the nominee. In 2020, a Democratic presidential candidate needed support from 1,991 delegates to secure the nomination.

    With the plurality of pledged delegates, Biden became the presumptive Democratic nominee on April 8, 2020, after Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) suspended his presidential campaign.[26] Biden crossed the delegate threshold necessary to win the nomination on June 5, 2020.[27]

    Biden announced U.S. Sen. Kamala Harris (D) as his running mate on August 11, 2020. Harris is the first Black woman to appear on a major party's ticket in the United States.[28]

    Republican primary

    See also: Republican presidential nomination, 2020
    HIGHLIGHTS
  • Georgia held its Republican primary election on June 9, 2020.
  • Georgia had an estimated 76 delegates. Delegate allocation was a hybrid system.
  • The Republican primary was open, meaning any registered voters were able to vote in the election.


    • The Republican Party selected President Donald Trump as its presidential nominee at the 2020 Republican National Convention, which was held from August 24-27, 2020.[29]

    Prior to the national convention, individual state caucuses and primaries were held to allocate convention delegates. These delegates vote at the convention to select the nominee. Trump crossed the delegate threshold necessary to win the nomination—1,276 delegates—on March 17, 2020.

    George H.W. Bush (R) was the last incumbent to face a serious primary challenge, defeating political commentator Pat Buchanan in 1992. He was also the last president to lose his re-election campaign. Franklin Pierce (D) was the first and only elected president to lose his party's nomination in 1856.[30]

    Sixteen U.S. presidents—approximately one-third—have won two consecutive elections.

    For an overview of the 2016 presidential election in Georgia, click here.



    Candidate filing requirements

    See also: Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Georgia

    The tables below detail filing requirements for presidential candidates in Georgia in the 2020 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Georgia, click here.

    Presidential primary candidates

    Candidates for Georgia's presidential primaries do not file directly for ballot access. Instead, the parties themselves provide the names of their candidates for placement on the primary ballot.[31]

    Unaffiliated and minor-party candidates

    On March 20, 2020, the petitioning deadline for unaffiliated and minor-party candidates was postponed to August 14, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.[32]

    Historical election results

    2016

    General election

    U.S. presidential election, Georgia, 2016
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes Electoral votes
         Democratic Hillary Clinton/Tim Kaine 45.6% 1,877,963 0
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngDonald Trump/Mike Pence 50.8% 2,089,104 16
         Libertarian Gary Johnson/Bill Weld 3% 125,306 0
         - Other/Write-in 0.5% 22,359 0
    Total Votes 4,114,732 16
    Election results via: Federal Election Commission

    Primary election

    Georgia Democratic Primary, 2016
    Candidate Vote % Votes Delegates
    Green check mark transparent.pngHillary Clinton 71.3% 545,674 73
    Bernie Sanders 28.2% 215,797 29
    Martin O'Malley 0.3% 2,129 0
    Michael Steinberg 0.2% 1,766
    Totals 765,366 102
    Source: Georgia Secretary of State and CNN


    Georgia Republican Primary, 2016
    Candidate Vote % Votes Delegates
    Green check mark transparent.pngDonald Trump 38.8% 502,994 42
    Marco Rubio 24.4% 316,836 16
    Ted Cruz 23.6% 305,847 18
    John Kasich 5.6% 72,508 0
    Ben Carson 6.2% 80,723 0
    Jeb Bush 0.6% 7,686 0
    Chris Christie 0.1% 1,486 0
    Carly Fiorina 0.1% 1,146 0
    Lindsey Graham 0% 428 0
    Mike Huckabee 0.2% 2,625 0
    George Pataki 0% 236 0
    Rand Paul 0.2% 2,910 0
    Rick Santorum 0% 539 0
    Totals 1,295,964 76
    Source: Georgia Secretary of State and CNN

    2012

    U.S. presidential election, Georgia, 2012
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes Electoral votes
         Democratic Barack Obama/Joe Biden Incumbent 45.5% 1,773,827 0
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngMitt Romney/Paul Ryan 53.3% 2,078,688 16
         Libertarian Gary Johnson/Jim Gray 1.2% 45,324 0
         Write-in Write-in candidates 0.1% 2,211 0
    Total Votes 3,900,050 16
    Election results via: Georgia Secretary of State

    2008

    U.S. presidential election, Georgia, 2008
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes Electoral votes
         Democratic Barack Obama/Joe Biden 47% 1,844,123 0
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngJohn McCain/Sarah Palin 52.2% 2,048,759 15
         Libertarian Bob Barr/Wayne Allyn Root 0.7% 28,731 0
         Write-in Write-in candidates 0.1% 2,873 0
    Total Votes 3,924,486 15
    Election results via: Georgia Secretary of State

    Presidential statewide margins of victory of 5 percentage points or fewer, 1948-2016

    See also: Presidential statewide margins of victory of 5 percentage points or fewer, 1948-2016

    The following map shows the number of times, in presidential elections held between 1948 and 2016, that the margin of victory was 5 percentage points or fewer in each state.

    • Wisconsin was the state with the most frequently narrow margins during this time period, appearing on the list in 10 presidential elections.
    • Five states appeared eight times: Florida, Missouri, Nevada, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.
    • The state with the narrowest margin of victory was Florida in 2000 at 537 votes or one-hundredth of a percentage point.

    Historical election trends

    See also: Presidential voting history by state

    Georgia presidential election results (1900-2020)

    • 20 Democratic wins
    • 10 Republican wins
    • 1 other win
    Year 1900 1904 1908 1912 1916 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020
    Winning Party D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D R AI[33] R D D R R D R R R R R R D


    See also: Presidential election accuracy

    Below is an analysis of Georgia's voting record in presidential elections. The state's accuracy is based on the number of times a state has voted for a winning presidential candidate. The majority of statistical data is from the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration and was compiled, here, by Ballotpedia, unless otherwise noted.

    Presidential election voting record in Georgia, 1900-2016

    Between 1900 and 2016:

    • Georgia participated in 30 presidential elections.
    • Georgia voted for the winning presidential candidate 53.33 percent of the time. The average accuracy of voting for winning presidential candidates for all 50 states in this time frame was 72.31 percent.[34]
    • Georgia voted Democratic 63.33 percent of the time and Republican 36.67 percent of the time.

    Presidential election voting record in Georgia, 2000-2016

    *An asterisk indicates that that candidate also won the national electoral vote in that election.

    State profile

    See also: Georgia and Georgia elections, 2019
    USA Georgia location map.svg

    Partisan data

    The information in this section was current as of May 7, 2019

    Presidential voting pattern

    • Georgia voted Republican in five out of the six presidential elections between 2000 and 2020.

    Congressional delegation

    State executives

    State legislature

    Georgia Party Control: 1992-2024
    Eleven years of Democratic trifectas  •  Twenty years of Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
    Governor D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
    Senate D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
    House D D D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R

    Georgia quick stats
    More Georgia coverage on Ballotpedia:


    Demographic data for Georgia
     GeorgiaU.S.
    Total population:10,199,398316,515,021
    Land area (sq mi):57,5133,531,905
    Race and ethnicity**
    White:60.2%73.6%
    Black/African American:30.9%12.6%
    Asian:3.6%5.1%
    Native American:0.3%0.8%
    Pacific Islander:0%0.2%
    Two or more:2.1%3%
    Hispanic/Latino:9.1%17.1%
    Education
    High school graduation rate:85.4%86.7%
    College graduation rate:28.8%29.8%
    Income
    Median household income:$49,620$53,889
    Persons below poverty level:21.1%11.3%
    Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015)
    Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Georgia.
    **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.


    Presidential election by state

    See also: Presidential election by state, 2020

    Click on a state below to navigate to information about the presidential election in that jurisdiction.

    https://ballotpedia.org/Presidential_election_in_STATE,_2020

    See also

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ The New York Times, "Georgia Presidential Democratic Primary Election Results," accessed June 9, 2020
    2. ↑ Atlanta Journal-Constitution, "Georgia delays presidential primary due to coronavirus pandemic," March 14, 2020
    3. ↑ Atlanta Journal Constitution, "Georgia primary delayed again to June 9 during coronavirus emergency," April 9, 2020
    4. ↑ 270 to Win, "Georgia," accessed June 17, 2019
    5. ↑ Chatham County Superior Court, "In re: enforcement of election laws and securing ballots cast of received after 7:00 P.M. on November 3, 2020: Petition," November 4, 2020
    6. ↑ Chatham County Superior Court, "In re: enforcement of election laws and securing ballots cast of received after 7:00 P.M. on November 3, 2020: Order," November 5, 2020
    7. ↑ United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, "Trump v. Kemp: Verified Complaint," December 31, 2020
    8. ↑ United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, "Trump v. Kemp: Order," January 5, 2021
    9. ↑ CBS News, "Georgia secretary of state says state will head to a recount," November 6, 2020
    10. ↑ Fox News, "Trump campaign taps Rep. Doug Collins to lead recount team in Georgia," November 8, 2020
    11. ↑ Fox 5 Atlanta, "Trump campaign requests Georgia hand-count votes in recount," November 10, 2020
    12. ↑ Twitter, "Doug Collins: Nov. 10, 2020: 10:51 AM," November 10, 2020
    13. ↑ The Washington Post, "Georgia secretary of state announces hand audit; Trump, Sullivan win in Alaska," November 11, 2020
    14. ↑ Georgia Secretary of State, "Historic First Statewide Audit of Paper Ballots Upholds Result of Presidential Race," November 19, 2020
    15. ↑ The New York Times, "Where Georgia’s Hand Recount Differed From the Initial Tally, by County," November 19, 2020
    16. ↑ NPR, "Trump Requests Georgia Recount, Meaning 5 Million Votes Will Be Tabulated A 3rd Time," November 22, 2020
    17. ↑ Georgia Secretary of State, "November 3, 2020, Presidential Recount," accessed December 7, 2020
    18. ↑ Georgia Secretary of State, "Secretary of State Certifies Election, Kraken Case Dismissed," December 7, 2020
    19. ↑ This analysis does not include counties in Alaska and certain independent cities due to variations in vote total reporting.
    20. ↑ The raw data for this study was provided by Dave Leip of Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
    21. ↑ Nature, "The power of prediction markets," October 18, 2016
    22. ↑ Politico, "Meet the 'stock market' for politics," October 31, 2014
    23. ↑ U.S. Presidential General Election Results, "2008 Electoral Map Based on the Intrade Prediction Market," accessed January 25, 2018
    24. ↑ Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "2020 DNC in Milwaukee pushed back to week of August 17 in response to coronavirus pandemic," April 2, 2020
    25. ↑ The New York Times, "Milwaukee Picked as Site of 2020 Democratic National Convention," March 11, 2019
    26. ↑ Talking Points Memo, "Bernie Sanders Ends 2020 Bid, Making Biden Presumptive Dem Nominee," April 8, 2020
    27. ↑ AP, "Biden formally clinches Democratic presidential nomination," June 5, 2020
    28. ↑ CNBC, "Joe Biden picks Sen. Kamala Harris to be his vice presidential running mate, making her the first black woman on a major ticket," August 11, 2020
    29. ↑ Charlotte Observer, "Here’s when the 2020 Republican National Convention will be in Charlotte," October 1, 2018
    30. ↑ NPR, "When Has A President Been Denied His Party's Nomination?" July 22, 2009
    31. ↑ Official Code of Georgia Annotated, "§ 21-2-193," accessed January 8, 2020
    32. ↑ Ballot Access News, "Georgia Secretary of State Extends Petitioning Deadline for Minor Party and Independent Candidates," March 20, 2020
    33. ↑ American Independent Party
    34. ↑ This average includes states like Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma, which did not participate in all 30 presidential elections between 1900 and 2016. It does not include Washington, D.C., which cast votes for president for the first time in 1964, or Alaska and Hawaii, which cast votes for president for the first time in 1960.
    35. ↑ This number refers to the number of times that the state voted for the winning presidential candidate between 2000 and 2016.
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    Communications: Alison Graves • Carley Allensworth • Abigail Campbell • Sarah Groat • Erica Shumaker
    External Relations: Andrew Heath • Moira Delaney • Hannah Nelson
    Operations: Meghann Olshefski • Amanda Herbert • Mandy Morris • Caroline Presnell • Kelly Rindfleisch
    Policy: Caitlin Styrsky • Molly Byrne • Jon Dunn • Jimmy McAllister • Annelise Reinwald
    Research: Josh Altic
    Tech: Matt Latourelle • Ryan Burch • Kirsten Corrao • Beth Dellea • Travis Eden • Tate Kamish • Margaret Kearney • Eric Lotto • Trevor Pollo • Joseph Sanchez

    Contributors: Scott Rasmussen
    Editorial


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